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Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art State of the Art

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Fine art museum in Bentonville, Arkansas

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Fine art
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.jpg

Front entrance

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is located in Arkansas

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art

Location in Arkansas
Established 11 Nov 2011 (2011-eleven-11) [1]
Location 600 Museum Manner,
Bentonville, Arkansas
Coordinates 36°22′57″N 94°12′13″Westward  /  36.3825°N 94.203611°W  / 36.3825; -94.203611 Coordinates: 36°22′57″North 94°12′thirteen″W  /  36.3825°Due north 94.203611°W  / 36.3825; -94.203611
Type American art
Founder Alice Walton
Director Rod Bigelow
Architect Moshe Safdie
Nearest auto park gratis garage and surface lot on site
Website crystalbridges.org

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is a museum of American art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum, founded by Alice Walton and designed by Moshe Safdie, officially opened on 11 November 2011. Information technology offers free public admission.

Overview and founding [edit]

Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton, spearheaded the Walton Family Foundation'southward involvement in developing Crystal Bridges. The museum's glass-and-wood design past builder Moshe Safdie and engineer Buro Happold features a series of pavilions nestled around two creek-fed ponds and forest trails. The soil is flinty silt loam derived from chert and cherty limestone and is mapped equally Noark-Bendavis complex.[ii] The 217,000 square feet (20,200 m2) complex includes galleries, several meeting and classroom spaces, a library, a sculpture garden, a museum shop designed by architect Marlon Blackwell, a restaurant and coffee bar, named Eleven after the twenty-four hour period the museum opened, "11/xi/xi".[3] Crystal Bridges also features a gathering space that can accommodate upwards to 300 people. Additionally, in that location are outdoor areas for concerts and public events, as well as extensive nature trails. It employs approximately 300 people, and is within walking distance of downtown Bentonville.[iv]

The museum has clustered $488 million in avails as of August 2008, an amount that will increase as more pieces are continually added to the museum's collection.[5] Information technology is the first major fine art museum (over $200 million endowment) to open in the United states since 1974. Over $317 million of the project's cost has been donated by Alice Walton.[5] A 2013 Forbes ranking of the globe'southward richest people placed the Walmart heiress at No. 16, with an estimated net worth of $26.3 billion.[six]

In 2005, art historian John Wilmerding was hired for acquisition and advice on museum programming.[7] Wilmerding commented that Alice Walton "volition not spend at any cost" and will do her "homework on most every individual conquering and will ask for paperwork on market place comparables".[8] He stated that ofttimes when an artwork became available through a private sale Walton would country 'Wait, it will come to auction where we can get it at a better toll,' and she was normally correct.[ix] He also stated that the museum ranks at least in the top one-half dozen of American art museums. The museum's "quality and its range and depth already place it among 1 of the very best."[8]

Headlines were generated subsequently delays in structure and considerably higher costs for the museum than originally proposed to the city of Bentonville, Arkansas led to concerns nigh the favorable tax exemptions granted to the museum from the land in 2005 to secure its construction.[10] Full revenue enhancement losses to the state of Arkansas and the city of Bentonville are estimated at $17 million based on the fiscal disclosures given by the museum in the 2008 courtroom case with Fisk Academy.[x] The total amount of tax loss is estimated to have go considerably higher since then, simply may never exist disclosed due to the museum's guarded financial practices, including its decision non to disclose the corporeality spent since 2008 to secure collections, major art pieces, and lesser known works.[11] [ improve source needed ] However, the museum'south IRS Form 990-PF notes acquisitions of $43.6 1000000 during 2008, $81.9 one thousand thousand during 2007, $97.3 million in 2006. Through 2008, the total art acquisitions were at least $222.viii million.[8]

Don Bacigalupi was appointed managing director of the museum in August 2009.[12] Previously, Robert Thousand. Workman had served as director.[thirteen] In early May 2011, the museum appear 3 endowments by the Walton Family Foundation totaling $800 million. These endowments were established for operating expenses, acquisitions and capital improvements. The operating endowment, totaling $350 million, is being used to contribute to the museum'due south base of operations annual operating expenses expected to total between $sixteen–20 million per twelvemonth. The conquering endowment, totaling $325 million, volition be used to fund additions to the museum'south permanent collection. The remaining $125 1000000 will exist used as a capital letter improvement endowment to fund future improvements to and maintenance of the museum.[fourteen]

Collaboration with other museums and institutions [edit]

Walker Landing plaza between galleries

In 2006, the museum partnered with the National Gallery of Art in an attempt to purchase Thomas Eakins' The Gross Dispensary from Thomas Jefferson University. Under the terms of the agreement, the two museums agreed to pay a record $68 million, but the university gave Philadelphia 45 days to friction match the offer. The Philadelphia Museum of Art and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts agreed to collectively match the offer and the painting remained in Philadelphia. The buy forced both museums to sell some of their best Eakins pieces including Cowboy Singing and The Cello Player.[15] In April 2007, Crystal Bridges acquired another Eakins belonging to Thomas Jefferson University entitled Portrait of Professor Benjamin H. Rand for an estimated $20 million.[xvi]

Walton held talks with Randolph-Macon Woman'due south Higher in Lynchburg, Virginia in jump of 2007. The college was exploring selling part of the Maier Museum of Art's collection, just voted instead to sell select items from the collection at Christie's.[17]

In 2006, Fisk Academy agreed to sell a 50% stake in a 101-piece Stieglitz collection to Crystal Bridges for $30 million. The collection was donated to the university by Georgia O'Keeffe in 1949. This understanding became tied up in a legal boxing between Fisk Academy and the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in New United mexican states,[xviii] but the museum withdrew its lawsuit. The Tennessee Attorney General attempted unsuccessfully to end the sale. In October 2010, a estimate ruled that a 50% stake in the drove could be sold to Crystal Bridges if modifications to the contract were made so that Fisk University could not lose its interest in the collection, nor could the joint venture holding ownership of the collection between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges exist based in Delaware (or outside Tennessee Courts). The modified agreement would allow the works to stay at Fisk University until 2013 and so begin a two-yr rotation with Crystal Bridges.[xix] In April 2012, the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision to permit the sale to motility frontward. A few months later on August 2, the Davidson Canton Chancery Court approval a Concluding Agreed Lodge that established joint ownership between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges through the newly established Stieglitz Art Collection, LLC. The operating agreement required Fisk University to set aside $3.9 meg of the $30 million sale proceeds to be used to establish a fund for the care and maintenance of the collection at the Carl Van Vechten Gallery at Fisk Academy.[20] [21] The courtroom dispute toll Fisk University $5.8 million in legal fees.[22]

Since 2012, Crystal Bridges has participated in a four-year collaboration with the musée du Louvre in Paris, High Museum of Fine art in Atlanta, and the Terra Foundation for American Fine art. The resulting exhibitions are called American Encounters and feature works from the collections of all four partners. Each year, for the length of the collaboration, the museums develop the exhibition around a theme, such as portraiture. American Encounters has been seen in Paris, Bentonville, and Atlanta.

The Momentary [edit]

In early on 2020, Crystal Bridges opened a satellite facility chosen The Momentary focused on visual and performing arts, culinary experiences, festivals, and artists-in-residence.[23]

Permanent collection [edit]

Pavilion of eatery "Eleven" with the principal lobby building and 19th-century galleries at left

The museum's permanent collection features American art from the Colonial era to the gimmicky menstruum. All of the featured artists are United States citizens, though some spent most of their art careers in Europe. Notable works include a Charles Willson Peale portrait of George Washington as well as paintings by George Bellows, Jasper Cropsey, Asher Durand, Thomas Eakins, Marsden Hartley, Winslow Homer, Eastman Johnson, Charles Bird King, John La Farge, Stuart Davis, Romare Bearden, Norman Rockwell, Mary McCleary, Agnes Pelton, and Walton Ford. Besides included are works by Chuck Close, Jasper Johns, Alfred Maurer, Jackson Pollock, Tom Wesselmann and Andrew Wyeth.[9] [24] Two works, Richard Caton Woodville's War News from Mexico and Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait's The Life of a Hunter: A Tight Fix were included in American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765–1915, a traveling exhibition organized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[25] [26] The Woodville painting was deaccessioned past the National Academy of Blueprint, and was purchased in 1994 past Detroit collector Richard Manoogian. The piece was later purchased in 2004 past Crystal Bridges.[27]

In May 2005, the museum purchased a coveted Asher B. Durand landscape entitled Kindred Spirits from the New York Public Library for more than $35 million in a sealed auction.[28] In September 2012, the museum announced the conquering of a major 1960 painting by Mark Rothko entitled No. 210/No. 211 (Orangish). The abstract expressionist painting had been in a private Swiss drove since the 1960s and had but been shown in public twice.[29]

Sculpture likewise figures prominently in the drove, on view in interior galleries and along outdoor sculpture trails. Sculptors represented in the permanent collection include Vanessa German, Paul Manship, Roxy Paine, Mark di Suvero, and James Turrell.

In Jan 2014 Crystal Bridges acquired the Bachman–Wilson House by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The New Bailiwick of jersey house was dismantled and relocated to Bentonville.[30] [31]

Select auction results past date for items in the collection (including buyer's premium) are:

  • Green River, Wyoming by Thomas Moran, purchased five December 2002 for $two.9245 million[32]
  • George Washington by Charles Willson Peale, purchased eighteen May 2004 for $six.1675 one thousand thousand[33]
  • Robert Louis Stevenson and his wife by John Singer Sargent, purchased nineteen May 2004 for $8.8 million[34]
  • Orca Bates by Jamie Wyeth, purchased xix May 2004 for $360,000.[35]
  • Portrait of Anne Page by Dennis Miller Bunker, purchased ane December 2004 for $iii.592 million[36]
  • A French Music Hall by Everett Shinn, purchased i Dec 2004 for $7.848 one thousand thousand[37]
  • The Indian and the Lily by George de Forest Brush, purchased 1 December 2004 for $iv.824 million[38]
  • The Studio by George Bellows, purchased 1 December 2004 for $2.472 one thousand thousand[39]
  • Spring by Winslow Homer, purchased 1 Dec 2004 for $ii.024 million[40]
  • Ottoe One-half Chief, Husband of Hawkeye of Delight by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 December 2004 for $1.352 million[41]
  • Wai-Kee-Chai, Sanky Chief, Crouching Hawkeye by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 Dec 2004 for $792,000[42]
  • Portrait of Carolus Duran by John Vocaliser Sargent, purchased ii December 2004 for $724,300[43]
  • Ill Puppy by Norman Rockwell, purchased ii December 2004 for $511,500[44] [45]
  • George Washington (The Constable-Hamilton Portrait) past Gilbert Stuart, purchased thirty November 2005 for $eight.136 million[46]
  • Mrs. Theodore Atkinson, Jr. by John Singleton Copley, purchased 30 Nov 2005 for $3.376 million[47]
  • Marquis de Lafayette by Samuel F. B. Morse, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.36 million[48]
  • Wintertime Scene in Brooklyn by Francis Guy, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.024 million[49]
  • Rose Garden past Maria Oakey Dewing, purchased 24 May 2006 for $2.032 million[50]
  • The Lantern Bearers past Maxfield Parrish, purchased 25 May 2006 for $four.272 meg[51]
  • Dr. William Smith by Gilbert Stuart, purchased 23 May 2007 for $i.888 meg[52]
  • Still Life with Stretcher, Mirror, Bowl of Fruit past Roy Lichtenstein, purchased xx June 2007 for £4.052 million (US$8.055 1000000 – based on 20 June 2007 commutation rates)[53]
  • Homage to the Square: Joy past Josef Albers, purchased 14 Nov 2007 for $1.497 1000000[54]
  • View of Mount Etna by Thomas Cole, purchased 29 November 2007 for $541,000[55]
  • Cupid and Psyche past Benjamin West, purchased 28 January 2009 for $458,500[56]
  • Our Town past Kerry James Marshall, purchased 13 May 2009 for $782,500[57]
  • Supine Woman by Wayne Thiebaud, purchased 12 Nov 2009 for $one.818 million[58]
  • Portrait of a Girl and Her Dog in a Grape Arbor by Susan Catherine Moore Waters purchased vii March 2010 for $41,475[59]
  • Portrait of Martha Graham by Marisol Escobar, purchased xiii May 2010 for $116,500[60]
  • Dolly Parton past Andy Warhol, purchased 14 May 2010 for $914,500[61]
  • Standing Explosion (Reddish) by Roy Lichtenstein, purchased 14 May 2010 for $722,500[62]
  • The Return of the Gleaner by Winslow Homer, purchased 19 May 2010 for $2.2105 million[63]
  • Trinity by Adolph Gottlieb, purchased 11 May 2011 for $ane.1425 million[64] [65]
  • Hammer and Sickle by Andy Warhol, purchase 13 November 2012 for $3.4425 million[66] [67]
  • Untitled, 1989 (Bernstein 89 24) past Donald Judd, purchased fourteen November 2012 for $10.1625 meg[67] [68]
  • Blackwell's Island past Edward Hopper, purchased 23 May 2013 for $nineteen.1638 million[69]
  • Coca-Cola [3] by Andy Warhol, purchased 12 November 2013 for $57.3 million[70]
  • Flag past Jasper Johns, purchased eleven Nov 2014 for $36.005 million[71]
  • No. 210/211 (Orange) by Mark Rothko, purchased 11 Nov 2014 for $44.965 meg[ citation needed ]
  • Jimson Weed/White Bloom No. 1 by Georgia O'Keeffe, purchased 20 November 2014 for $44.405 one thousand thousand[72] [73]

Selected works in the museum collection past chronological order [edit]

  • Portrait of George Washington (The Constable-Hamilton Portrait, 1797) by Gilbert Stuart

  • Samuel Beals Thomas, with His Wife, Sarah Kellogg Thomas, and Their Two Daughters, Abigail and Pauline (1830) by Edward Dalton Marchant

  • The Fine art Student: Portrait of James Wright (circa 1890) by Thomas Eakins

  • The Village Politicians (c. 1819) by John Lewis Krimmel

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External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • Architectural Record, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Safdie Architects, commentary, slide testify, and drawings, January 2012
  • TimePhotos (Time magazine), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, photos, 21 November 2011
  • Bridges Acquires New Piece of work by Walton Ford
  • 'A Billionaire'due south Center for Art Shapes Her Singular Museum', Ballad Vogel, The New York Times, 16 June 2011
  • American Art Artnews 1/12/2012

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art

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